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TYPHOID
Introduction
Typhoid is caused usually by
Salmonella Typhi bacteria. In some cases it may be caused by
Salmonella Paratyphi A,B or C also. Since it affects primarily the
intestines it is known also as Enteric Fever. The germs are spread
through contaminated food , water or through contact with a patient.
Main symptoms of Typhoid
Mainly high grade fever ,
headache , upset tummy or pain in the abdomen , general pains / aches
in legs and arms and nose bleeds.
Complications of Typhoid
Inflammation ( swelling ) of the
intestines , ulcers in the intestines leading to perforation of the
intestines ( this becomes a serious surgical emergency) ,
unconsciousness, brain fever , involvement of the liver or heart may
occur.
Prevention of Typhoid
Having understood the background
, you may yourselves follow that clean water , clean and fresh food
and avoiding coming in contact with patients of Typhoid are the main
precautionary measures. You may also see that given the circumstances
of hygiene in our Country , all this may not always be possible.
Vaccination thus stays the most reliable method of protection.
Vaccines against Typhoid
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T A B Vaccine : This is an
older form of vaccination. Its side effects and relatively less
effectiveness have led to the development and popularity of more
modern and effective vaccines.
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Vi Polysaccharide Typhoid
Vaccine : This is a very effective vaccine and has very few side
effects. It is given at the age ( or soon after ) 2 years. This
vaccine stays effective for some 3 years and needs to be repeated
after that.
-
Oral Typhoid Vaccine ( Ty - 21
Typhoid Vaccine ) : This is available as a capsule and is given at
age beyond 6 years in the form of 3 doses given alternate days.
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